A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner Essay - 1582 Words

William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† narrates the life of Emily Grierson as seen by the villagers. Controlled by her father and her family background, Emily is a woman deprived of the opportunity to live life at its fullest and experience human passions such as love. Furthermore, she lacks a â€Å"sense of self† that causes her confusion and makes it difficult for her to form relationships. Due to the lack of identity and isolation presented all throughout her life, Emily suffers from psychological problems related to schizophrenia. Identity begins forming during the adolescent stage of life (Donovan). This stage, referred to as the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage, is the time period in life when an adolescent develops a â€Å"sense of self† and a â€Å"role† in life (Donovan). If, however, this stage is hindered, the adolescent suffers from confusion (Donovan). Emily is a victim to such confusion. She is torn between living up t o her family’s background or pursuing what makes her happy. However, due to the lack of a mother figure and the ever-present father figure, Emily embraces a foreclosure identity. Foreclosure identity is characterized as taking on the values, beliefs and expectations of the parent without knowing why (Donovan). Typically, people with this identity are obedient and cannot function without rules, but are generally unhappy, lack initiative, have poor communication skills, and suffer an inner rebellion (Donovan). All of these characteristicsShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national magazine. The story involved an ol d woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

John Locke Provisos Free Essays

John Locke was an English philosopher who had the idea that all people have natural rights. Their natural rights included that of life, liberty and property and the idea of these rights being held by each individual is often said to be the primary influence of the American Declaration of Independence. Locke further explains his rationale behind natural rights in Two Treatises of Government and particularly property right in his â€Å"Provisos,† stating the conditions the make property public or private. We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke Provisos or any similar topic only for you Order Now Locke’s â€Å"Provisos† discusses the idea that property becomes private when a person labors upon the property. His reasoning that the land becomes the person’s private property is that a person has the right to the fruits of his labor, and he also has the right to the resource that bore his fruits, in this case the property. As Locke says, â€Å"He by his labor does, as it were, enclose it from the common† (page 437). By this he means that by laboring over the land, the land is taken away from the rest of society, the common, and becomes the private property of the individual. Locke also believes that â€Å"as much as a man tills, plants, improves, cultivates, and can use the product of, so much is his property† (page 437). In this, he is stating that a man can own as much as can be useful to him; claiming property in excess and not being able to make it productive is wrong because the property will then go to waste instead of bearing fruit. This is wrong because â€Å"nothing was made by God for man to spoil or destroy† (page 436) and having land lying to waste is along the same lines as ruining the land. This idea from Locke’s â€Å"Provisos† follows from his idea of general property rights. He believes that land that has not been influenced by an individual’s labor is land available for all of society. Man should still respect the land and not exploit it, but â€Å"were it not for the corruption and viciousness of degenerate man, there would be no need of any other, no necessity that men should separate from this great and natural community† (page 441). However because mankind cannot be trusted, Locke believes that once a man does put forth effort to improve a piece of property, that land and the products of it belong to him. Although that land might belong to one man, it is still benefiting the rest of society because â€Å"the provisions serving to the support of human life produced by one acre of enclosed and cultivated land are ten times more than those which are yielded by an acre of land of an equal richness lying waste in common† (page 437). This is similar to the way in which both a farmer and society benefits from his harvest. The farmer and society both can receive nourishment from his harvest and what harvest goes to the rest of society, he is repaid for, which allows him to continue sowing seeds that will continue to nurture the common. A situation of private property that would conflict with one of the Lockean provisos is property that is acclaimed through forcing Native Americans to agree with the American customs that were being imposed and the American rule, or to leave, such as with the Indian Removal Act that was signed into law in 1830. The Native Americans had worked the land and made it suitable to support their lifestyle and in the quest to achieve Manifest Destiny, nothing would hinder the determined minds of the Americans. According to Locke, the land rightfully belonged to the Native Americans because they had labored on the land to make it prosperous. They did not exploit it; they used the resources wisely and nothing went to waste with their minimalist lifestyle. With the Indian Removal Act that President Andrew Jackson signed into effect, all Native Americans had to be relocated to areas west of the Mississippi River. The Native Americans were removed on the basis that American colonizers needed the land and wanted to achieve Manifest Destiny. Another situation involving private property that would violate one of the Lockean provisos would be that of the government seizing land due to unpaid taxes. In this situation, a farmer could have yielded a large harvest, but the demand for his crop declined greatly to the point that he is unable to make a large enough profit to pay his taxes. This could fall into a pattern for many years to come, eventually reaching the point that the government can no longer just keep putting the farmer into more debt. The farmer would have to claim bankruptcy and the government would seize his land. This would violate Locke’s idea that the land a man works, is his. The farmer was doing the best he could, was benefiting society, and never consented to losing his right to his land, but the government took it away anyway. I believe that Locke correctly draws the line on private property because we have the right over our own bodies, and if the work of those bodies can combine with resources to create something, then we have the right to claim that product and the resources we used to make it. No one else put forth the effort and therefore the fruit of our efforts are ours. I believe that hard work deserves reward and that reward is the right to the product. As Locke says, â€Å"The labor of his body and the work of his hands, we may say, are properly his† (page 436). How to cite John Locke Provisos, Papers

Act of Kindness free essay sample

Realistic is a story on an act of kindness I did for this girl I didnt know to well. One day as I was walking home from my old school I saw this girl, she looked like a complete nerd someone I wouldnt normally talk to. She was walking home looking really sad, kind of like she had no one to talk to. I walked over to her and introduced myself and she also told me who she was; she said her name is Baby. She was carrying books in her hands and It looked heavy I asked her If I could help. She nodded and told me I was more then welcome. I walked her home that day. I asked ere If she would like to hang out sometime to call me and gave her my number, a few weeks later we were best friends. Months down the road she found out she was pregnant, this took me by surprise since I didnt even know she was dating anyone. We will write a custom essay sample on Act of Kindness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The guy who got her pregnant walked out and hardly never came around. I could tell by the look on Babys face that she was pretty scared. I told her no mater what Ill always be there for her If she ever needed anything.The hardest part for her was to tell her parents she was pregnant. Her parents are the strict ones, that go to church every Sunday and doesnt allow their aught to have a boyfriend or anything. So trying to explain to her parents that she had got a boyfriend and had sexual intercourse with him behind there backs was going to be a tough situation. She didnt tell anyone for three months that she was pregnant,but it got down to where she had to say something since she was starting to show.Baby asked me if I could be there with her when she teller her parents on Thursday; I told her I could and that id be there Thursday at four oclock. Thursday came and I went to her house and as soon as she answered the door she started freaking out with panic. I told her to calm down everything will be fine and that if she wants me to tell her parents I would. She appreciated it and told me to tell her parents for her. As we started walking closer to her parents I told them that Baby had something she wanted to tell them.Her parents started getting worried and asked what this was about. I then told her parents that she was scared to tell them about hows she pregnant. Eve never seen anyones face look so furious in my entire life, They asked me to leave so they could talk as a family. Later that next week Babys parents called me and asked me to come over for dinner and talk with them about mouthing. I agreed and told them old be there shortly. As I rushed to get dressed all I could think about was what they wanted to talk to me about, I began to get nervous. As I arrived and walked to the door my stomach dropped and then I knocked on the door. Babys parents answered the door and we sat down to eat. After we got done eating Abyss mom started to tell me how when I met Baby, baby wasnt In the best state of mind. I told them how already knew and how I talked her out of a bunch of things before and they thanked me. They both thanked me for being such a great friend to Baby, and to this day I help take care of Babys daughter. Act of Kindness By austerities carrying books in her hands and it looked heavy I asked her if I could help.She her if she would like to hang out sometime to call me and gave her my number, a few face that she was pretty scared. I told her no mater what ill always be there for her if something. I agreed and told them id be there shortly. As I rushed to get dressed all I As I arrived and walked to the door my stomach dropped and then I knocked on the eating Babys mom started to tell me how when I met Baby, baby wasnt in the best state of mind.

Managerial Accounting Practice Test free essay sample

These activities include all of the following except: planning b. Controlling . Decision making d. Hiring Controllers 2. The act that was intended to protect the interests of those who invest in biblically traded companies by improving the reliability and accuracy of corporate financial reports and disclosures is called Serbians-Solely Act of 2002 .Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 Frank-Todd Act Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Act Managerial Accounting places considerable weight on: 3. A. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles The financial history of the entity . Ensuring that all transactions are properly recoded Providing information to managers for use within the organization 4. The plans of management are often expressed formally in financial statements performance reports . Budgets ledgers 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the Institute of Management Accountants Standards Of Ethical Conduct? A. Competence b. Confidentiality c. Independence d. Integrity 6. Which of the following functions of management involves the process of establishing goals and specifying how to achieve them? Planning Directing . We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Accounting: Practice Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Motivating Decision making 7. The phase of accounting concerned with providing information to managers for use in planning and controlling operations and in decision making is called: a. Throughput time b. Managerial accounting c. Financial accounting d. Controlling 8. Given the following information which procedure would be considered the weakest link (constraint) Doctor referral to an M RI 100 a day Appointments for an MR. 200 a day Follow-up visit 75 a day MR. test 24 a day 9.Read MR. test results 1 O a day Doctor referral to an MR. The Institute of Management Accountants Standards of Ethical Conduct contains a policy regarding confidentiality that requires management accounts: a. Refrain from disclosing confidential information acquired in the course of their work except when authorized by management b. Refrain from disclosing confidential information acquired in the course of their work in all situations c. Refrain from disclosing confidential information acquired in the course of heir work except when authorized by management, unless legally obligated to do so. . Refrain from disclosing confidential information acquired in the course of their work in all cases since the law ARQ rises them to do so. 10. A management approach that organizes resources such as people and machines around the flow of business processes and that only produces units in response to customer orders is called a. Lean Production (Just In Time) b. Performance report c. Segment d. Strategy 11. Which of the following would be considered a cash outflow in the investing activities section of the statement of cash flows? . Dividends paid to the companys own stockholders b. Moment of interest to a lender c. Purchase of equipment d. Retirement of bonds payable 12. In a statement of cash flows, which of the following would be classified as an operating activity? A. The purchase of equipment b. Dividends paid to the companys own common stockholders c. Payments Of monthly rent d. The cash paid to retire bonds payable 13. In a statement of cash flows, receipts from sales of property, plant and equipment should be classified as a(n): operating activity financing activity c. Investing activity ling activity 14.Which of the following should be classified as a financing activity on a statement Of cash flows? Interest Dividends paid paid a. Yes Yes b. No Yes c. Yes No d. No No 15. A company that had a $500 decrease in accounts receivable during a period would be which of the following on its statement of cash flows prepared using the indirect method? A. Add the $500 to net income in order to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities b. Subtract the $500 from net income in order to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities c. Add the $500 to the net cash revived by investing activities d. Ad the $500 to the net cash provided by financing activities 16. Last year Bradford Companys cash account decreased by $19,000. Net cash used in investing activities was $9,000. Net cash provided by financing activities was $16,000. On the statement of cash flows, the net cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities was: d. $7,000 17. The following events occurred last year at Detours Company: Purchase of plant and equipment $33,000 Sale of long-term investment 1 2,000 Paid off bonds payable 1 5,000 Depreciation expense Dividends received 7,000 6,000Based on the above information, the cash provided (used) by investing activities for the year on the statement of cash flows would net to: 18. Payment of income taxes would appear on the statement of cash flows as part of a. Operating activities b. Investing activities c. Financing activities d. Liabilities activities 19. Depreciation expense, on a statement of cash flows would appear as a A. Decrease in investing section b. Increase in operating section c. Decrease in financing activities d. Decrease in operating section 20. The system by which a company is directed and controlled is called a. Corporate governance . Social responsibility c. Internal control d. Generally accepted accounting principles 21. The difference between total sales in dollars and total variable expenses is called a. Net operating income b. Net profit c. The gross margin d. The contribution margin 22. A company makes custom boats. The wages paid to assemblers who assemble the boats would most likely be classified as a. Indirect labor b. Direct labor c. Manufacturing overhead d. Selling expenses 23.

Hills Like White Elephants and In Another Country Essay Example

Hills Like White Elephants and In Another Country Essay Example Hills Like White Elephants and In Another Country Paper Hills Like White Elephants and In Another Country Paper Theodore Roethke has been quoted for saying, â€Å"In a dark time, the eye begins to see.† What Roethke is saying is when one is faced with a hardship, the truth of who they are is shown and their true darkness becomes apparent. Roethke’s quote is an agreeable one and can be proved in two short stories by Ernest Hemingway, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"In Another Country.† In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the man encounters a â€Å"dark time† and the girl realizes the man’s true character. In â€Å"In Another Country,† the soldiers of World War I expose their true colors after their acts in the war within the hospital. These stories contain evidence to prove Roethke’s quote as fact. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† has two main characters, the man, the antagonist, and the girl, the protagonist. The two of them share a relationship that changes and is exposed for its truth, during the conflict of the couple contradicting each other on whether or not to abort her unborn child. The two of them are sitting at a train station in Madrid and discussing the matter over a few drinks. One important symbol is incorporated into the setting itself. One side of the train station is uncared for and cluttered with grain, and has a strong overcast, representing the man’s opinion. The opposing side of the station has clear, far fields, is sunny, and has white mountains to the very background, with life of animals incorporated, representing the girl’s opinion. The white mountains represent the bright beauty of the child, it reminds her of white elephants, originating from the term white elephant meaning something the owner cannot get rid of.The man is trying to convince the girl that ridding the child would benefit them, that it’s safe, easy, and everything would return to the norm afterwards. The girl, however, wants to keep and give birth to this child, even though the man is producing a stressful argument. In the beginnin

How Blue Lava Works

How Blue Lava Works Indonesias Kawah Ijen volcano has gained internet fame for Paris-based photographer  Olivier Grunewalds photographs of its stunning electric blue lava. However, the blue glow doesnt actually come from lava and the phenomenon isnt restricted to that volcano. Heres a look at the chemical composition of the blue stuff and where you can go to see it. What Is Blue Lava? The lava that flows from the Kawah Ijen volcano on the island of Java is the usual glowing red color of molten rock flowing from any volcano. The flowing electric blue color arises from the combustion of sulfur-rich gases. Hot, pressurized gases push through cracks in the volcano wall, burning as they come into contact with air. As they burn, sulfur condenses into a liquid, which flows downward. Its still burning, so it looks like blue lava. Because the gases are pressurized, the blue flames shoot up to 5 meters in the air. Because sulfur has a relatively low melting point of  Ã‚  239 °F (115 °C), it can flow for some distance before solidifying into the familiar yellow form of the element. Although the phenomenon occurs all the time, the blue flames are most visible at night. If you view the volcano during the day, it wouldnt appear unusual. Unusual Colors of Sulfur Sulfur is an interesting non-metal that displays different colors, depending on its state of matter. Sulfur burns with a blue flame. The solid is yellow. Liquid sulfur is blood red (resembling lava). Because of its low melting point and availability, you can burn sulfur in a flame and see this for yourself. When it cools, elemental sulfur forms a polymer or plastic or monoclinic crystals (depending on conditions), that spontaneously change into rhombic crystals. Make Plastic SulfurMake Sulfur Crystals Where To View Blue Lava The Kawah Ijen volcano releases unusually high levels of sulfuric gases, so its probably the best place to view the phenomenon. It is a 2-hour hike to the rim of the volcano, followed by a 45-minute hike down to the caldera. If you travel to Indonesia to see it, you should bring a gas mask to protect yourself from the fumes, which may be harmful to your health. Workers who collect and sell the sulfur typically do not wear protection, so you can leave your mask for them when you leave. Although the Kawah volcano is most readily accessible, other volcanoes in the Ijen may also produce the effect. Although it is less spectacular at other volcanoes in the world, if you view the base of any eruption at night, you may see the blue fire. Another volcanic location known for the blue fire is Yellowstone National Park. Forest fires have been known to melt and burn sulfur, causing it to flow as burning blue rivers in the park. Traces of these flows appear as black lines. Molten sulfur may be found around many volcanic fumaroles. If the temperature is high enough, the sulfur will burn. Although most fumaroles arent open to the public during the night (for fairly obvious safety reasons), if you live in a volcanic region, it might be worth watching and waiting for sunset to see if there is blue fire or blue lava. Fun Project To Try If you dont have sulfur but want to make a glowing blue eruption, grab some tonic water, Mentos candies, and a black light and make a glowing Mentos volcano.

Middle Managers Contribution to the Growth of the Multinational Term Paper

Middle Managers Contribution to the Growth of the Multinational Organization in the Global Market Place - Term Paper Example This essay stresses that middle managers are believed to be important contributors towards overall company strategy. They hold interface positions which facilitate their power to mediate between various variables that are of importance to strategic formulation. This position also facilitates acquisition of necessary knowledge to back the basis of strategy formulation making them important stakeholders in decision making processes. They are also the link between the internal and external environments of an organization and as such are able to develop more credible PESTLE . At this point it is important to analyze the most important strategic roles of middle managers in ensuring success in the global market. This paper makes a conclusion that the role of middle managers in the growth of multinational corporations has increasingly become relevant as global competition intensifies. Organizations need to utilize their knowledge and expertise in order to understand both the local and global markets. With the rapid changes in technology and product development better strategies need to be formulated and implemented appropriately so as to achieve competitive advantage. The realization that this is only possible with the involvement and dedication from the middle managers has shifted the direction from which valuable strategic information emanates from. It is now the onus of these managers to embrace the difficult multifaceted tasks in driving forward their global organizations to the next level in the global competitive ladder.... The global market place is wide with a huge customer base. However, few organizations have managed to tap the huge potential even after establishing themselves globally basically because of producing poor quality products or products that are not matching with customer tastes. Strategy formulation and strategies themselves can be superb and capable of steering a multinational organization to more markets abroad but if they are poorly implemented, the results can be disastrous. Middle managers ensure that strategies are effectively implemented by ensuring and maintaining competence within teams and in individuals. This paper will look into the Middle Manager’s contribution towards the growth of a multinational organization in the global market place. For a multinational to be fully global it is required to expand its wings either through acquisitions or by replicating its business operations. The best businesses to acquire are those that are already heavily involved in the valu e chain in countries or regions the multinational intends to venture into. As such it will be relatively easy to take up the pace in developing brands in foreign markets. The top management of a multinational organization considers two variables in constructing the organizational framework. These are the company’s strategic positioning in all regions of operations and company history coupled with its administrative heritage (Delany, 2000). All the subsidiaries’ operations need to be harnessed to match those of the major organization. As a result, globalization has made multinational organizations to reduce variability in operations of their subsidiaries by rationalizing their activities especially the duplicated ones. This

Evolution of Corporate Social Responisbility Essay

Evolution of Corporate Social Responisbility - Essay Example Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has grown as a part of management and corporate governance during the last two decades. However, it is hard to imagine that this concept, corporate social responsibility, only started in the Western world in the end of the 18th century. Discussion includes the evolution of CSR and how this concept has come to life during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. But what is noticeable through this regurgitation of history remains the hard battle that common people had to fight in order to have a humane society to live in; hence the crucial foundation of corporate social responsibility. The actual term came to light in the beginning of the 20th century, in which this ideology was concerned with a series of corporate scandals in the United States. According to a variety of sources CSR was accepted in different companies and corporations as a part of corporate management in different periods of the 20th century. In recent times, one can clarify four main opinions about CSR and corporate social investing habits in CSR: classical and modern view, cost and beneficial view of such investing in long-term run (Quazi and O'Brien, 2000). This paper examines the evolution of CSR, in terms of the development and integration of this social responsibility into corporate behaviour. ... Section three discusses the Second Industrial Revolution, time in which the world was stricken by different corporate scandals, and in response, the on-set of firms announcing CSR as a part of management and private organisations. Section four highlights the basic changes, which were brought by World War II. These changes were critical in defining the development of CSR. Modern times and establishing CSR in different companies and countries, particularly in Japan, are described in sections five and six, respectively. 2. First Industrial Revolution (1760-1830) This section will discuss the transformation of job structures, capitalism and suffering people for the First Industrial Revolution. Our discussion of the evolution of CSR begins with the First Industrial Revolution because it was an important step in economic transformation. 2.1 Transformation of job structure: New Technologies The First Industrial Revolution was a great step in economic transformation. Its birth is attributed to the introduction of new technologies of production. There was rapid growth in productivity and living standards. The First Industrial Revolution originated in Great Britain around 1760. It was marked (Chandler, 1977) by the adoption of three new technologies: the steam engine, relying on the energy of the fossil fuel, coal; machines for spinning thread and weaving cloth; furnaces- to make iron ore into finished metal by using coal. During the period of the First Industrial Revolution, 1760 till 1830, the transformation of societies took place. It was a marked change from agricultural and rural society to industrialize and urbanize. Before those processes all of the factory's employment was domestic labour, or the so-called cottage

Ph Indicators Essay Example for Free

Ph Indicators Essay Preparing the Cabbage-Juice Indicator 1 Chop one head of red cabbage leaves into about 1-inch pieces and place them in a blender. Fill the blender about half full of water and blend the mixture at high speed for about 30 seconds. 2 Place a coffee filter inside a strainer and pour the cabbage juice through the coffee filter into a quart-sized jar. Sponsored Links Forensic Science Courses Take Forensic Science Classes Online or Nearby Start In Fall! www. CampusExplorer. com/Forensic 3 Cap the jar and label it Cabbage Juice Indicator. Measuring pH 4 Place a sample for pH measurement in a small jar, such as a baby-food jar and fill it about half full with the sample. 5 Add approximately 1. 5 ounces of the cabbage-juice indicator solution to the sample and stir it briefly with a spoon. 6 Estimate the pH by observing the color of the sample and cabbage-juice mixture. A light or dark pink solution indicates an acidic solution with pH between 2 and 4, purple or blue indicates a neutral solution of pH 6 to 8, green indicates a basic pH of 10 to 12 and yellow indicates a pH above 13. See the Resources section for a detailed color-to-pH correlation chart. Sponsored Links Raspberry Ketone WarningaPP-aPProved. com/RaspberryKetones Dont Buy Before Seeing This. Report by Rag-Tag Research Geeksâ„ ¢! 100 Business Cards $5www. vistaprint. com Free Shipping. Design your Personal Business Cards Online. Glow Stickwww. ShopAtHome. com/GlowSticks Save Before You Spend! Free Online Coupons, Offers Here. Hydrogen Sulfide OdorOdorManagement. com/refining Control fuel refining odors with OMIs green Ecosorb products

The Iphone Essay -- Apple Cellular Cell Phone

When the word iPhone appears in Apple press releases, the word revolutionary is rarely far behind. But what counts as revolutionary? In Apple's case, the bar is high. Since the 1970s, the firm has changed both the personal computer and music industries. Will the iPhone fundamentally alter the structure of the wireless world as well? Not yet. The iPhone's style and user interface are pathbreaking, and (as the iPod proved) aesthetics do matter. But the iPhone is—so far—not a product that will turn any industry inside out. Seen as a phone, the iPhone is striking. Seen as a small computer, it's limited, and compromised by the existing business models of the wireless industry. Saying the iPhone is a pointless gadget is a bit too strong. But it isn't yet a revolutionary device. It is in some ways astonishing that AT&T and Apple are partners at all. AT&T is the oldest of the old school—the most ancient major high-tech firm in the United States, founded in 1878. Unfazed by spending the last 23 years in suspended animation (after the great breakup of 1984), AT&T is back to its classic business model: own the largest networks and everything on them. Apple, meanwhile, is the original hippie computer company, a child of the 1970s, not the 1870s. At least in its origins, Apple is an ideological foe of IBM and AT&T. (Remember that 1984 ad?) Considering that these firms were born on the opposite sides of the tech Kulturkampf, the iPhone cannot help but be a little strange. Most obviously, the iPhone is locked, as is de rigueur in the wireless world. It will work only with one carrier, AT&T. Judged by the standards of a personal computer or electronics, that's odd: Imagine buying a Dell that worked only with Comcast Internet access or a ... ...ed in transforming industries. Once Big Brother's foe, it's now more like Little Brother, happy to sell cute little devices that are easy to use, make money, and spread false consciousness. If you're an optimist, the more intriguing possibility is that Apple's iPhone is a Trojan Horse. The iPhone is fatally attractive to AT&T, since it gives the firm a chance to steal tens of thousands of new customers from rivals like Verizon. But Apple may be betting that, once it has its customers, they'll be more loyal to Apple than AT&T. With its foothold in the wireless world, Apple may be planning to slowly but inexorably demand more room. If iPhone 2.0 is a 3G phone that works with any carrier and supports third-party apps, then industry power will begin to move away from the carrier oligopoly and toward Apple and other Silicon Valley firms. Now, that would be a revolution.

Relationship of Sales and Inventory

In order for your sales force to do its job, there must be enough inventory on hand to sell. A successful relationship between sales and inventory operations involves either a predictable rhythm of inventory turnover as a result of consistent sales, or dependable communication between the two divisions so the inventory department will know how much the sales department needs. In order for this system to function smoothly, the sales department must have a clear idea of how long it takes the inventory department to acquire more product, through production or ordering, and must plan its orders accordingly.Consequences of an Imbalanced Sales to Inventory Ratio If your company has more inventory on hand than it can sell in a reasonable time frame, then it must expend resources to store and handle this backlog of product. In addition, buying too much inventory ties up capital that you could be using for day to day operations. If your company has insufficient inventory on hand to meet custo mer demand, you run the risk of losing customers by being unable to provide for them. Background/ProblemsWhen materials are received or created in the factory they are packaged in some form of stock-keeping-units (SKUs, Packs, Handling Units) for ease of transport. Each pack is given a unique code (Pack number) for ease of identification. Packs can be coded in various ways e. g. as part of a batch; or unique pack numbers for each pallet, box, tote, container, stillage; or a unique serial number for each part. When inventory is created or received at goods in, pack numbers have to be generated and quantities of units packed recorded.Typically bar-code labels are printed and attached enabling product to be located and moved in the factory or warehouse. Additionally isolations are managed at a pack level, allowing inventory to be quarantined prior to further investigation and decision making. Solution The Inventory module of Shopfloor-Online MES is able to: Create a record for each pac k of inventory created (including semi-finished goods and finished goods) and automatically attach traceability details such as work centre, creation date/time, Production Order, and so on.Create  inventory records when goods are received and automatically attach traceability details such as supplier, supplier lot number, supplier traceability information. Automatically generate unique pack numbers in user defined formats Allow inventory to change state using a user defined set of states. For example inventory can be created, isolated, scrapped, released and shipped. The complete history of the state of the inventory is recorded, including who made the decision, when and where. Assist when inventory is isolated, to capture the reasons why for subsequent analysis Move inventory between locations and binsGenerate user defined FIFO keys, used in subsequent consumption operations to ensure oldest stock is consumed first Use best-before dates and use-after dates to ensure aged inventor y is within requirements. Create a seamless link to other systems like the Warehousing system or ERP (e. g. SAP). When Used with Other Modules When the Inventory module is used in conjunction with other modules of Shopfloor-Online MES more opportunities open up. For example: Traceability – Consumption: with this module full material traceability is achieved, track the consumption of inventory (raw materials and WIP) in the production of new materials.Build Traceability: this takes traceability to the additional level of individual serialised part numbers Warehousing/Logistics: receive planned in-bound deliveries and ship planned out-bound deliveries at an inventory pack level Quality module: record the results of quality checks against individual packs (or serialised parts), increasing traceability to each individual pack Customer Complaints: trace complaints from inventory pack number back through all aspects of production The Objectives of a Sales & Inventory SystemThe obje ctives of a sales and inventory system should be oriented toward developing a rhythm for selling inventory on hand at a rate comparable to the pace at which it is being produced, so your company will have neither too much nor too little inventory on hand. If you work with perishable product, the need to develop an appropriate relationship between sales and inventory is especially critical, because you are liable to lose product that you do not sell in time.

Dante s Daughter

Their family is then forced to leave their home town of Florence Italy by the co instant dueling of political groups in the cities, between the white Gulfs, who opposed the p papacy influence and the black Gulfs, who supported the papacy. Dante, her father, also a white Gulf supporter, went to Rome on â€Å"business† to see Pope Boniface VIII, when the black Gulfs take over the CIA TTY, the Aligner family knew that they had to escape the city in fear that they would all be killed by ca use of Dent's political standing and the fact that he was not present in Florence.Antonio was to fool w her brothers out of the city and their mother would meet them later, they had to run out of the city, s he saw many gruesome events of war while she was fleeing the city, she saw the true chaos that came from people during times of war. Their family had to disperse amongst their relatives and some of her b rooters even went away to become apprentices Gina went to their Uncle Francesco, while P itter and Jackpot became ablates with the Dominicans at Santa Maria.As for Antonio she went to stay and help with her father's sister, Deviant, and her family, Disco her uncle who was a painter, and her cousins Margarita and Foe in Siena. As for her mother, she had went to work on her mother's farms. Antonio lived with her aunt and uncle for nearly five years. Her mother visited her as often as she could. She worked along with Disco in his shop learning to paint, and hell peed out with the housework with Deviant, Margarita and Lecturer, Disco's sister. She had SSH eared a bed with Margarita who was only a couple of years older than her and got to know he r real well.One day Notation's father sends a letter to her, inviting her to come along with him to P arise France since he will e studying at the university there, he already offered her brothers to come w tit but they could not. Shortly after Antonio receives the letter her father. Dante arrived so soon that Antonio had barely got ten to make up her mind, but she decided to go along with her father on this DVD endure. Through their travels Antonio gets a new understanding of her father. Antonio along with he r inattentive father travel from city to city spending their nights in either inns or with nobles, in their cash tiles. Pond their arrival to Paris, Dante immediately goes to into his studies in search h of new knowledge, while in the first couple of days Antonio is just sitting around the an. Eventually, Antonio met up with an old friend of her fathers, at a Beguine, a community of sings e women living under Nun like conditions but could work to make a living and could break free of an y vows and leave if they like. Antonio decided to stay with the women of the Beguine while her father r studied at the university.The three ladies Antonio stayed with, Claire, Mated, and Assess, worked as illumination, an art form done to liven up a page of a book or a document, Antonio helped with her prior knowledge f pa inting. Events quickly went downhill for the group of girls, Assess died, and later her mother Claire. As for Antonio, Dante decided that the knowledge he had sought, could d not be obtained at the University and they decided to head back to Italy. Antonio had returned to Siena to stay with her Uncle Disco's family again, who ill Dante had left her to work with the emperor of Germany and Italy.Disco was on a new commission that had made them much wealthier, and of course everyone was much older than the y were previously. Margarita was soon to be engaged with Pitter, and Antonio had also begun t experience her share of romantic relationships, first with Seeing a loving apprentice to Disco, then Tit ere to Farina, a young man who lived in Florence, when she had moved there to live with her mother r and uncle. Yet neither one worked out, she left Siena forgetting about Seeing, and when the emperor r failed at capturing Florence, the Aligner name meant little and was hated in Florence, so Farina a didn't want to marry her.Notation's Family was reunited and continued to live on in a house of their owe n in Vienna. Antonio struggled with what the true meaning of her life was to be with god. S he had gotten malaria, which she was lucky enough to surpass. Imbroglio, on of her best friends fro m back in Siena had came to visit her in her State Of illness and wanted to marry her, Antonio agrees and they live happily, until Imbroglio dies of plague. Antonio then decides, knowing her fate, to join the c invent of San Stefan Dogleg Alive.The Historical fiction novel, Dana?s Daughter had gotten many things right with barely any wrongful descriptions, the author, Kimberly Houston surely did their homework. Not only did she write this novel accurately she did it in SST of the different aspects of the book. Whether it was from their lifestyle of different social classes, like what they ate, wore and how they lived, the way they traveled, the events that happened in the time p eriod of the early fourteenth century, their beliefs, and even the fact that most of the characters actually existed in this time period.The author portrayed the lifestyles of the people in the book very realistically. The roles of women in the 1300†² in actuality was to stay home maintain the household, cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children, which was the name roles the author portrayed, the mothers of different households always prepared their food and spent the day cleaning and tidying up the house. Younger girls like Antonio in the novel helped with such chores like the laundry. In the novel they did the laundry down at the river which was common in that era (McKay, John P. ). Antonio mother wore a turban when she would clean, which was also accurately explained.Clothing worn by characters was only described for the females, it was always gowns with different colors, always handmade by the mothers of the household, and silk as very dressy and expensive. In histo ry, it was common for families to make their own clothing and women only really wore gowns, silk was of the most valuable cloth in this time frame as well (McKay, John As for the common diet of Italians in the thirteen hundreds, consisted mostly of bread, which was the most important staple of their diet and stews, made of whatever ingredients they could get.Houston wrote about what they would eat, they would always eat bread with olive oil, and Notation's mother would always have the best soups made from the best ingredients she could mind, which would have been correct for the time period and the wealth of the Aligner family. Between the pair of Antonio and Dante, when they were traveling they had a mule and horse, which only the higher class could afford since many poor pilgrims could only travel on foot which was accurate for the time too.The Nobility that Dante and Antonio stayed with also had a very descriptive lifestyle differing from the Aligner family. The upper class lived in large palaces or castles and had feasts very often, in which they ate exotic foods, crayfish, eels in plum sauce, asparagus, cheese tarts, green beans eked in almond milk, roast venison with garlic, partridge stewed with lentils and shallots, chicken cooked with pears and brandy, tiny spring lettuces dressed with olive oil and perceive, junket, strawberry tarts, and many other dishes.The nobility also had the ability to house many subjects they sought useful for their skills. There were two major patrons of Dante, lady Cluenice, and Can Grandee. In history little is known about the true paths Dante had taken, there is no account of him staying with a lady Cluenice, but there is documentation of him staying with Can Grandee for the reason of Can Grandee's interests in the importance and reasoning behind The Divine Comedy, that Dante was writing the evidence is found in the letter that Dante had written to Can Grandee explaining the books (Aligner, Dante).Dante Aligner was a famou s poet in the time period who had written many books the three parts that make up The Divine Comedy, Inferno, Purgatorial, and Paradise, all mentioned in the book plus his writings of other books, and The Banquet, although over fifty poetic works are known from Dante. Antonio was very fascinated by the large structures of the gigantic cathedrals in Paris, mainly Notre dame. She was very intrigued, and found peace amongst its' large mosaics held together by lead.This account was very accurate, Notre dame is famous for its' large mosaics, and it started its construction in 1160 and finished in 1345, well within Notation's lifetime. Kimberly Houston portrayed the lifestyles of different social groups very accurately throughout the novel. There was one common disease that multiple people contracted throughout the happening of the book, and it was malaria, a disease carried by mosquito. Antonio had contracted it, and during the time it was almost a death sentence (McKay, John P. , yet sh e survived through it.Antonio had experienced immense pain and was deathly ill, for a couple of weeks, then would endure eight hour long fevers and intense pain that would go away and return two days later. Antonio went through series of pains much like the actual symptoms which were, headaches, fever, lethargy, chills, abdominal pains, sickness, muscular pains, diarrhea, and coughing fits. Kimberly Houston had shown the symptoms characters were experiencing accurately as they would be in the real world. The common scientific beliefs of people in the novel were also of accurate details in the novel.Accurately for this time, people in the story believed in the Ptolemaic system. Which stated that the heavens rotated on big crystal spheres around the earth. This was the common belief until 1 543, when Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, which proved the earth was not at the center Of the universe (McKay, John Many of the events that took place in the book h appened in real life. In the book, King Phillips armies had harried Boniface VII to death, and engineered Clement V into office, and brought the papacy into France.While written accurately, the papacy was stationed in Avignon, France in 1309, in the time frame covered in the book, and in fact it was King Philip IV that that is responsible for both moving the papacy and bringing in a tradition of having French popes. Another event including King Philip IV of France is that there is a scene from the book where the Knights Template and everyone associated with them are being arrested for the Kings' benefit. What the book failed to mention is the reasoning behind Philip Avis' actions and motives of this action.King Philip IV was very much in debt to the Template, whereas in the novel had explained it s the ‘Template were engaged in unnatural and illegal activities offensive to god†¦ † (Houston, Kimberley Burton), which was not true since the Template Were a strictly ran group, by the pope, to be a religious army, but King Philip did have them arrested in real history for his own benefit. The Template, described by Houston, were very large, muscular men, with the knowledge of scholars, which is an accurate description of the way the Knights Template would have been since they were knights.Antonio along with the other women of the Beguine, had done work for the Template illuminating comments, which would have been against the code of the Template to have any contact with women (Temporarily. Com). Another event that took place was the newly elected emperor Henry VII, who in the novel was convinced by Dante Aligner to march on Florence to capture it amongst his empire and to hopefully redeem the Aligner name in Florence, Italy.The holy roman emperor Henry VII of Germany historically had the support of Dante, and did wage war on Romancer since they were part of the Gulfs, both Dante and Henry VII were Gibberellins (McKay, John P). Yet another event tha t occurred in he book happened in Verona, Italy, it was that the palace that Can Grandee lived in was frescoed by an artist named Ghetto, nothing is known of his work in Verona, Ghost's Personality in the book was that he was very enthusiastic and compassionate towards art, he also had a very high pitch girl laugh, Not much is known of his personality although he did work on many frescoes.In addition, the Aligner Family was forced to leave their hometown of Florence by cause of the dueling political parties, the Gibberellins and the Gulfs, which were actual groups at the time which either liked the pope's influence on everything or despised it.Lastly, the fall of Rome to the Byzantines and barbarians who began to construct huge basilicas with large mosaics on the interior, was mentioned towards the latter part of the book, the Byzantines had actually built these large basilicas although it was really the decline of the holy roman empire that brought in these Byzantines and barbarian s to influence Rome (McKay, John The options a women could take throughout their life was described in the book as, if they did not get married, they could use their dowry from their parents to join a convent and become a nun, join a Beguine, or become a requisite.This statement made in the book by Antonio is not completely true, not only could women become housewives, nuns, or prostitutes, but they could also work as servants or join a Beguine. In the book none of the younger people had known about Beguines, and even when Antonio had found out she only thought that they existed in France. Although many of the surviving Beguines exist in Belgium albeit there was one in France, and many of the ancient Beguines had existed on the outskirts of Paris, the Beguine described in the book, sounded like it was nearly in the center OfParis, because it was within a short walking distance to important areas like shops and Dante could be there quickly to visit, plus there were buildings they wen t to on both sides of the Beguine. The tools and procedures used by the different artistic professions were described briefly in the novel, it had listed the linoleum, what processes they would make paints and glues for frames, and the different layers in a fresco. The linoleum was a moon shaped knife meant for preparing parchment by scraping the excess skin and hairs off of pelts.This linoleum knife was actually seed almost exclusively for illuminating because illuminating required a special type of medium to be written on (â€Å"Illumination parchment). Antonio had known the preparation steps to make this parchment from learning it from Disco he uncle, who was an artist, one would take calf skin stretch it out, scrape the excess skin and impurities from it, then split it into separate sheets until of desirable thickness, and then scrape it again with the linoleum to get rid of any shiny surfaces.This process of manufacturing parchment was common through the middle ages and into t he Renaissance (Differences teens Parchment, Vellum and Paper. ). When Disco was working on the Masses;, an actual painting done in sienna by the real Disco (Disco Did Obnoxiousness, Masses; Altarpiece), him and his apprentices, would always be asking for egg whites from the girls to mix with pigments from plants, and asking for cheeses which they would use to make their glues to put together frames. Egg whites were in fact used to make the popular paint tempera during the Renaissance, and so was cheese used inn glues during this time period.The base layers of frescoes described in the novel, by Houston, was Ricoh, and intonation, these were the easiest and required the least artistic ability out of the whole Fresco process, and they were the top finishing layer and the base starting layer (â€Å"Categories Terms†. ). The author had gotten every detail right, when it came to the tools and procedures that had been used in the making of the artwork in the story. The river syste ms as described in the novel were the Aaron River of Florence, and the Adage River of Verona.The Main character Antonio had described the Aaron River as Very muddy and not very navigable whereas the Adage River in Verona was better navigable and as a result had more trade coming in. The Aaron River in Florence has many tributaries which makes it harder to navigate and the Adage River does not making it easier to navigate. In Conclusion, the author, Kimberly Houston, did a very good job in the development of Dent's Daughter. She had gotten about ninety-nine percent of the detail, events and people right in the development of this book.She had made the fiction life of actual characters very accurate and convincing for the time period. She had gotten the tools and procedures for certain artistic jobs right or the time frame, the correct people doing the right events in the right year, correct descriptions of travel and the river ways, the ways certain groups acted, the food they ate, t he clothes they wore, the ideology of the common people, the side effects of malaria, artistic terms, and even the existence Of certain characters and their connection in history.

Queen Christina of Sweden essays

Queen Christina of Sweden essays Queen Christina was a complex personality (Stolpe 150). She lived a very interesting life with many problems along the way. Although Christina would provide major contributions to Sweden as a ruler, advocate of religious freedom, and as a patroness of the arts and sciences, she would also have many problems concerning those aspects as well as marriage and her sexuality (Philemon). Christinas courage, her belief in rights and liberties, rare in her day, her recognition of religious and spiritual values, and her generosity went far to mitigate her glaring faults, which she paid for with a life of great unhappiness (Masson 375). Christina Wasa was born in Sweden on December 8, 1926 to King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora. She was predicted to be a boy, and even once she was born, was thought to be a boy. As her fathers only child, she was declared to be his successor. While her father, King Gustav, was off fighting for Sweden in the Thirty Years War, Christina was tutored and Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna ruled Sweden until she would be able to take the throne (Philemon). While Christina enjoyed her studying, she also loved the more masculine activities of hunting and sport just as well. Throughout her life, she would present herself towards the male side as much as she could. Christina said of herself to be an ineradicable prejudice against everything that women like to talk about or do. In womens words and occupations, I showed myself to be quite incapable, and I saw no possibility of improvement in this respect (Stolpe 40). Christinas father died at war in 1632, and at age 5, she was crowned qu een, but still needed lots of help from her regency. At age 13, she began to really govern Sweden and was admitted to council meetings, and at age 18, she is officially coronated Queen of Sweden (Phile ...

Whelk Facts and Information

Whelk Facts and Information Whelks are snails with beautiful shells. If you see something on the beach that looks like a seashell, its probably the shell of a whelk. There are over 50 species of whelks. Here you can learn about characteristics common to these species. What Does a Whelk Look Like? Whelks have a spiraled shell which varies in size and shape. These animals can vary in size from under an inch in length (shell length) to more than 2 feet. The largest whelk is the trumpet whelk, which grows to over 2 feet. Whelk shells vary in color. Whelks have a muscular foot that they use to move and hold prey. They also have a hard operculum that closes the shells opening and is used for protection. To breathe, whelks have a siphon, a long tube-like organ which is used to bring in oxygenated water. This siphon allows the whelk to burrow in the sand while still getting oxygen. Whelks feed using an organ called the proboscis. The proboscis is made up of the radula, esophagus, and mouth. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: MolluscaClass: GastropodaOrder: NeogastropodaSuperfamily: BuccinodeaFamily: Buccinidae (true whelks) There are additional species of animals that are called whelks but are in other families. Feeding Whelks are carnivores, and eat crustaceans, mollusks, and worms- they will even eat other whelks. They can drill a hole into the shell of their prey with their radula, or may wrap their foot around the hinged shells of their prey and use their own shell as a wedge to force the shells open, then insert their proboscis into the shell and consume the animal inside. Reproduction Whelks reproduce by sexual reproduction with internal fertilization. Some, like the channeled and knobbed whelks, produce a string of egg capsules that maybe 2-3 feet long, and each capsule has 20-100 eggs inside which hatch into miniature whelks. Waved whelks produce a mass of egg capsules which look like a pile of egg cases. The egg capsule allows the young whelk embryos to develop and provides protection. Once they have developed, the eggs hatch inside the capsule, and the juvenile whelks leave via an opening. Habitat and Distribution The question of where to find a whelk depends upon what species youre looking for. In general, whelks may be found in many parts of the world, and are usually found on sandy or muddy bottoms, from shallow tide pools out to waters several hundred feet deep. Human Uses Whelks are a popular food. People eat the mollusks muscular foot- an example is the Italian dish scungilli, which is made from a whelks foot. These animals are also collected for the seashell trade. They may be caught as bycatch (e.g., in lobster traps), and they may be used as bait to catch other marine life, such as cod. Whelk egg cases may be used as a fishermens soap. The veined rapa whelk is a non-indigenous species that have been introduced into the U.S. The native habitat of these whelks includes waters in the western Pacific Ocean including the Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and the Bohai Sea. These whelks were introduced into the Chesapeake Bay and may cause damage to native species. Sources Conley, C. Whelks. Edible Vineyard. Issue 6, Early Summer 2010.Whelks. Maine Department of Marine Resources.Save the Bay. Whelks.Shimek, R. L. Whelks. Reefkeeping, Vol. 4, No. 10. Nov. 2005.Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. Knobbed Whelk.Wilcox, S. The Unknown Life History Characteristics of the Channeled Whelk.

Differences Of Gender Communication Research Paper

Differences Of Gender Communication - Research Paper Example However, women get credit not only for being active listeners but also for responding to anything that they need to say; this is due to the fact that they react in a positive manner to this as compared to men. Women demonstrate attentiveness by means of verbal and non-verbal signs while men tend to avoid these cues that keep on appearing from time to time. The majority of men fail in listening to every single word in a dialogue; when speaking to a man, it is probable for a man to be a dynamic listener, yet when the conversation comes to an end, the same man may ask the name of the person. Considering that the person talking had clearly mentioned his name in the beginning of their conversation. It is even possible for the man to ask once again for the name of the speaker in the conversation; this is a clear indication that this man had been a discriminatory listener, so he forgot the name of the person speaking. Apparently, this happens to be the main distinction between men and women . The second subject at hand happens to be verbal communication; research shows that while men tend to seek status in a conversation, women, on the other hand, seek acceptance. While men tend to speak about their careers, their achievements, and their future, women tend to discuss issues that have a direct or indirect relation to men. Men have a tendency of telling more stories and jokes as compared to women, considering that telling jokes to happen to be a masculine way of negotiating a status. ... However, women get credit not only for being active listeners but also for responding to anything that they need to say; this is due to the fact that they react in a positive manner to this as compared to men. Women demonstrate attentiveness by means of verbal and non-verbal signs while men tend to avoid these cues that keep on appearing from time to time. The majority of men fail in listening to every single word in a dialogue (Crawford, 1995); for instance, when speaking to a man, it is probable for a man to be a dynamic listener, yet when the conversation comes to an end, the same man may ask the name of the person. This is remarkable, considering that the person talking had clearly mentioned his name in the beginning of their conversation. It is even possible for the man to ask once again for the name of the speaker in the conversation; this is a clear indication that this man had been a discriminatory listener, so he forgot the name of the person speaking (Crawford, 1995). Appar ently, this happens to be the main distinction between men and women. The second subject at hand happens to be verbal communication; research shows that while men tend to seek status in a conversation, women, on the other hand, seek acceptance (Barret & Davidson, 2006). This statement is obviously true when a man engages in a conversation with a woman; while men tend to speak about their careers, their achievements, and their future, women tend to discuss issues that have a direct or indirect relation to men. Men have a tendency of telling more stories and jokes as compared to women, considering that telling jokes happens to be a masculine way of negotiating a status. In most of those stories told by men, they almost always turn out to be heroes; conversely,

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rewrite - Essay Example With respect to this particular project, datasets from five hospitals within the nation of the United Arab Emirates will be analyzed. The information which was ultimately collected, tabulated, and analyzed related to the records of diabetic patients. Accordingly, the next step of the research was to evaluate a host of different data mining methods which could be of use with regards to understanding the overall pattern of the given datasets. As a final step, the project is intended to extract a level of useful inference with regards to the medical knowledge to include rules and /or patterns and seek to include them in an overall research that could ultimately be published as a means of showing how data mining techniques have the potential to lead to knowledge discovery and generation. As a function of performing these experiments, WEKA was utilized. As a function of using WEKA to draw a level of inference upon the medical data, it was able to determine and populate a lot of missing va lues by treating these values as separate attributes and encoding them appropriately. The end result of such an analysis has revealed a high number of hidden patterns that could not be elaborated upon with the use of normal analysis. As a function of all of this level of analysis, the end consequence can and should be to have a high level of improvement upon the potential for medical resolutions to both extant as well as unknown issues. Acknowledgement This particular project has only been able to be completed due to the tireless help and assistance of a wide variety of different individuals. I would like to take this particular opportunity to thank each and every one of them for the differing levels of assistance they have provided. 1.1 Supervisor Motivation When I had first begun to consider the long list of projects that were available, I had at first thought that as a software engineering specialist, it would be best to work on seeking to develop a java interface or a particular web-browsing application. However, once I considered this to a further degree, I began to realize that there was a more definitive need within the current and existing knowledge base that is represented within the Medical Data Mining arena. Due to the fact that I had long considered the techniques that could help to integrate a greater level of understanding of hidden patterns within databases, I opted for this route. Dr. M. Saraee was extraordinarily useful and helpful in seeking to motivate and direct y project as well as research into this particular field. As a function of his encouragement, this project has been able not only to improve upon my research skills but also provide a valuable and measurable impact on the prospects of future work that I might be able to engage upon. 1.1.2 Personal Motivation Over the past several years, while studying for a degree in Software Engineering, I was introduced to a few of the concept of document analysis and pattern recognition. As a res ult of this, one of the main motivations that I developed was to accrue a deep and complete understanding of data mining and pattern recog

Mr Empanada Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mr Empanada Recommendation - Essay Example This should enable it to sell more as customers will have a variety to choose from. As a retailer, Mr. Empanada should know that retailing is all about constant persuasion, even though a myriad other factors influence-buying behavior. Visual cues influence buying decisions to a great deal, with color being the most significant. In light of this, customers place value on color more than they do on other factors as smell, sound or texture. Color has a great psychological effect on consumers. Diversifying the breakfast menu to include a healthy combo meal will grant clients an opportunity to sample other meals, effectively increasing sales and revenue. This will have a positive impact on the company’s fortunes for a long time. Diversifying the menu will help this organization to attract new customers, and to eat into its competitors’ client base. This is because presently, Mr. Empanada’s competitors have healthy combo meals on their menus. Mr. Empanada should take a cue and expand the menu. Make a Colorful Logo Prior to the era of digital branding and graphic design, businesses took logos as a luxury worth bypassing. During that era, companies placed emphasis on customer loyalty and good rapport. These days, the business environment is high competitive, calling for companies to invest heavily in attractive logos. Customers have an orientation towards color, and this calls upon companies to invest in an eye-catching logo that captures its aspirations in an apt manner. Mr. Empanada needs rebranding. The current economic setting now forces businesses to reinvent and re-evaluate their operations to remain relevant. These include branding and marketing strategies that arrest the imagination of customers. Every effort to rebrand must have a goal. In this case, Mr. Empanada needs to stand out from the crowd by being highly visible. A good logo must remain imbedded in customers mind; elicit discussion, and making competitors notice (Vaid 144). The log o must not make false promises, but must live up to customers expectations. It would be naive to create a logo that promises the best in the market, and then come up with substandard good or services. Customers must feel that the business is venturing into a new environment that promises an improvement on the past. Its current logo has too much green color. Green does not stand out well for a company that serves a variety of foods as some clients may confuse it for a vegetarian joint. This could make it lose out on potential customers who are not vegetarians. A logo is the first thing a potential client sees and remembers. This is why it must stand out and set the tone for the branding strategy (Wheeler & Katz 119). In essence, Mr. Empanada knows that logos are the corporate faces. They display an organization’s special identity, providing critical information through colors, images and fonts. They should make the customer to identify with the organization. They are a shortcu t to advertisements and marketing. Mr. Empanada should invest in a comprehensible but unique logo. While there are many colors to choose from, an organization of Mr. Empanada’s stance should go for colors that target customers identify with. The colors should reflect freshness, a sense of faithful service, trustworthiness, and loyalty. They should for the entire company’s brand identity. An amateurish logo would be a complete turn off to customers. A good logo should blend well with the company’

Oxford Strengthening Technique Analysis

Oxford Strengthening Technique Analysis Strengthening exercise was used comprehensively in sport training and rehabilitation setting which recognize as an important exercise mode for sport performance as well as health purposes. The term strengthening exercise and resistive training was used interchangeably which targets to improve the maximum amount of force that can be generated by a particular muscle group. It can be define as any form of active exercise in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically (Smith, Weiss, Lehmkuhl, 1996). The strength training exercise can be classified into three categories which are isometric or static, dynamic or isotonic and isokinetic (Power Howley, 2009). Following a strength training program, physiological changes will occurs which increased the muscle mass (Ikai Fukunaga, 1968), muscle size or hypertrophy (Always, 1990) and hyperplasia (Mikesky, Giddings, Matthews, Gonyea, 1991). Other than that, in is also believed strength training may result in fast-fiber type conversion in humans (Staron et al., 1990). Staron et al., 1990, demonstrated that, twenty weeks of high intensity strength training result in conversion of type IIx fibers to type IIa in collage age females. Besides, strength training will induce central nervous system changes, which can increase the number of motor units recruited, alter motor neuron firing rates, enhance motor unit synchronization during particular movement pattern and result in the removal of neural inhibition. This will result an improvement in the amount of muscular force generated and appears after few weeks of training session (Rube Secher, 2008). Even though strength training reported to be beneficial, however it may increase cellular damage. Mechanical loads impose stress, strain and sometimes damage on working muscles and connective tissues (Razmjou, Rajabi, Jannati, Azizi, Jahandideh, 2010). Despite the established effectiveness of resistance training, uncertainty still exist as to the most efficient way to train. Designing a resistance training program is complex processes which are incorporating several acute program variables and key training principles. The effectiveness of a resistance training program to achieve a specific training outcome are depending on several acute program variables, all of which affect the degree of the resistance training stimuli (Bird, Tarpenning, Marino, 2005). Throughout the century, various types of exercises regime are arise. Most fame of strengthening exercises is the DeLorme Regime, Oxford Regime, McQueen Regime, Daily Adjustable Progressive Resistance Exercise Technique (DAPRE) and Circuit Training. Several programs have been developed to assist with the design of resistance training program and many of these programs have been advocated for use in the rehabilitation setting (Baechle Earle, 2008). Several key training principles govern safe and effective resistance training program design, including overload, specificity, adaptation, progression, individualization and maintenance (Power Howley, 2009). From the pioneering work of DeLorme and Watkins, the concept of progressive overload exercise (PRE) has become the foundation of resistance training program design. Their works describe the classic program variables of load, frequency, duration and intensity, which to achieve such overload. It shows that, with training strength return more quickly to atrophied muscles if relatively few repetitions are performed at high levels of resistance. This is the basis for the most weight training program (DeLorme Watkins, 1948). The DeLorme exercise technique was based on the progression from light to heavy weight and also known as pyramid resistance training (Razmjou, et al., 2010). DeLorme hypothesized that, the muscle need to be warm up by the 10 repetition maximum (RM) reach before progress to the heavy resistance. In the other hand, he suggested the training overloaded a muscle by increasing the magnitude of the weight against which the muscle developed tension. Therefore, they established training by starting it from 50% of 10 RM for the first set, 75% of 10 RM for second set and 100% of 10 RM for third set (da Silva et al., 2009; Fish, Krabak, Johnson-Greene, 2003; Razmjou, et al., 2010) Another method to strengthen muscle is the Oxford technique or the reverse pyramid technique. The Oxford technique is emphasizing training from the high load to the lighter load based on the 10 RM. It starts from the 100 % of 10 RM, 75 % of 10 RM and 50 % of 10 RM for the first, second and third set respectively. This exercise technique was thought the decrement of resistance would mimic the progressive increased in muscle fatigue. Each set of repetition would continue to exercise the muscle to its maximum capacity, thus preserving the overload principles (da Silva, et al., 2009; Fish, et al., 2003; Razmjou, et al., 2010). Many authors have tried to establish normative data for muscular evaluation in various populations that might serve to orientate a rehabilitation program and aid in the detection of the causes of musculoskeletal system injuries, thereby facilitating preventive action. Therefore, isokinetic dynamometry is widely used for muscular function studies because it facilitates a dynamic, objective, accurate and reproducible evaluation. This measurement is feasible for the resistance applied to the movement and can be adapted to permit a constant angular velocity during the whole range of motion, thus, it optimizes the load, which is always the maximum. This evaluation allows characterizing the muscular alterations resulting from the practice of sports, leading to the improvement of performance, training specificity and injury prevention (Siqueira, Pelegrini, Fontana, Greve, 2002). In order to evaluate the muscular performance, an isokinetic dynamometer was used and the tests involved maximum voluntary contractions of the selected muscles (Fonseca et al., 2007). The isokinetic evaluation becomes increasingly necessary in the high performance sports scenario, since it allows identifying and quantifying muscular performance and balance of athletes. Such evaluation makes it possible to plan specific and functional training of the lower limbs, besides elucidating specific deficiencies of the muscular function so that they can be eliminated or minimized, allowing the designing of prevention programs to decrease incidence of muscle lesions. According to Deschenes Kraemer, 2002 state that depending on program design, it capable in enhancing each of the functional constituents of the neuromuscular system, which are strength, power and local muscular endurance (Deschenes Kraemer, 2002). Despite the proven effectiveness of resistance training, it is still unclear which exercise regimen is more suitable and there are many efficient way to train to develop muscle strength (Razmjou, et al., 2010). However, there are less research had been done to measure the effectiveness of DeLorme and Oxford techniques in rehabilitation or muscle strength training. 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY In this study, several objectives were identified. The main objective in this study is to measure the effectiveness of DeLorme and Oxford strengthening exercise techniques on hamstring muscle by using isokinetic system evaluation. This are includes the evaluation of the peak torque, average peak torque, average power, total work, acceleration time and deceleration time within 6 weeks of exercise training interventions. This finding will help the clinician or exercise physician to have evidence based guidelines to rule out their exercise prescription. Other than that, this study also investigates the immediate effect of Delorme and oxford strengthening exercise technique within 3 weeks. Therefore, this finding may help us to determine which exercise techniques have greater immediate effects and adaption on resistive or strengthening exercise. 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTION Several research questions were developed upon this study. First research question for this study was upon the effectiveness of DeLorme and Oxford strengthening exercise regime technique within 6 weeks of training. Other research question that may develop upon this study is upon the immediate effects of DeLorme and Oxford strengthening exercise regime within 3 weeks of training. 1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Ho There is no mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. 1.5 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY 1.5.1 Disease and health Health condition of the subjects should be concern especially the illness that cause by environmental condition such as fever, cough, influenza or hypothermia. As this research requires the subjects to be immersed in the cold water, some illness might be infected to the subjects. Therefore, any subject whose suffering or had high tendency to be infected to those illnesses was advisable not to join the research because it might cause their health become worse. 1.5.2 Quitting or withdrawal Besides that, other delimitation that might occur is the withdrawal or quitting from the study. As the temperature of the water is cold, it might cause some of the subjects could not withstand to be immersed according to the time stated. Therefore, they might quit from the study and would cause the number of the subjects is decreasing. 1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS In this study, specific terms were use as it would give a clearer explanation upon this research. Some of the terms used in this study were stated below: 1.6.1 Isokinetic system Commercial computer-assistive devices used to assess dynamic muscular force and strength measurement which provides variable resistance. 1.6.2 DeLorme strengthening exercise regime The Delorme system incorporates progression from light to heavy resistance, adding resistance with each set. There are many variations in the progression. However, the Delorme was 50% of 10 RM for the first set, 75% of 10 RM for second set and 100% of 10 RM for third set. 1.6.3 Oxford strengthening exercise regime The Oxford system is the opposite of Delorme with progression from heavy to light, and it reverses the resistance levels. 1.6.4 Peak torque Highest muscular force output at any moment during a repetition. It indicates of a muscles strength capabilities. 1.6.6 Maximum repetition of total work Total muscular force output for the repetitions with greatest amount of work. Work is indicative of muscles capabilities to produce force throughout the range of motion. 1.6.7 Average power Total work divided by time. Power represents how quickly muscle can produce force. 1.6.8 Acceleration time Total time used to reach Isokinetic Speed. It indicates a muscles neuromuscular capabilities to move a limb from at the beginning of the range of motion. 1.6.9 Hamstring muscle Hamstring muscle is refers to a group of posterior thigh muscle which consist of semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris. They are acts as extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg. 1.6.10 Isometric exercise The tension develops in the muscle but no mechanical work is performed. 1.6.11 Isotonic exercise Exercise in which opposing muscles contract and there is controlled movement (tension is constant while the lengths of the muscles change)angu. It used to strengthen muscles and improve joint mobilization 1.6.13 10 repetition maximum (RM) The maximum amount of weight that could be lifted 10 times through a full range of motion.

Lion in Winter Play review :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Lion in Winter† was performed on Saturday November 22nd was not as good as I thought it was going to be. The set was a great design and looked as it should for the time period. However, I didn’t like how scenes were changed. The set should have been designed to encompass more aspects of the scene structure. There was a lot of unnecessary movement on stage when there shouldn’t have been. Stage hands should not be seen or heard. Maybe the curtains could have been drawn for some of their work. The audience shouldn’t be made to watch the stage hands reset the stage right after an intermission. I thought it was handled very unprofessionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times throughout the course of the play I heard pretty much all of the characters stumble over lines. This was not very professional either. All of the characters except for the queen were not into the play they were putting on. It showed thru really badly. Many times during dialogue there were pauses between sentences as if no one was aware of what the next line was going to be. Had this been a Broadway play it wouldn’t have made it to the second night of production. The only people that were actually prepared for production were the two characters that weren’t students. The cueing is what make or breaks a play and it broke this one all the pieces right in front of everyone’s eyes. The people who went to the show I was at were not laughing when they should be, weren’t moping with the characters like they should have been. I felt no life in this performance. It really was a sad dissertation of what I had been told and led to believ e was going to be great. Lion in Winter Play review :: essays research papers â€Å"The Lion in Winter† was performed on Saturday November 22nd was not as good as I thought it was going to be. The set was a great design and looked as it should for the time period. However, I didn’t like how scenes were changed. The set should have been designed to encompass more aspects of the scene structure. There was a lot of unnecessary movement on stage when there shouldn’t have been. Stage hands should not be seen or heard. Maybe the curtains could have been drawn for some of their work. The audience shouldn’t be made to watch the stage hands reset the stage right after an intermission. I thought it was handled very unprofessionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times throughout the course of the play I heard pretty much all of the characters stumble over lines. This was not very professional either. All of the characters except for the queen were not into the play they were putting on. It showed thru really badly. Many times during dialogue there were pauses between sentences as if no one was aware of what the next line was going to be. Had this been a Broadway play it wouldn’t have made it to the second night of production. The only people that were actually prepared for production were the two characters that weren’t students. The cueing is what make or breaks a play and it broke this one all the pieces right in front of everyone’s eyes. The people who went to the show I was at were not laughing when they should be, weren’t moping with the characters like they should have been. I felt no life in this performance. It really was a sad dissertation of what I had been told and led to believ e was going to be great.

Global Marketing Leadership Essay

Global marketing leadership and ethical issues have become a more frequent occurrence give the increased business participation the ever growing global economy. Even though some people think that culture is fragile and when compromised will cease to exist, marketing can be both the preserving measure of a culture or its compromising factor. Marketing of products stems from a more economically developed and open market societies such as countries like: The United States, Europe, and Australia to name a few. The marketing ethics and leadership dilemma begins with how to translate an open market to economical underdeveloped countries and how to market with cultural sensitivity without losing the ethical integrity of what the business stands for and actually engages in. The question to be posed and answered by the ethical leadership and marketing of globally participator businesses is if cultural sensitivity the driving force behind the study of global ethics and leadership or is this just as adaptable as the open market for business is today? With increased globalization come increased cross-cultural ethics issues. Modern marketing is viewed as that compromising factor that westernizes cultures globally, however, advances cultures as well. The focus of ethical marketing is how to respect the cultural practices and views of ethics and market a business product effectively. Cultural divides should not create a dilemma in the globalized economy; however, the sensitivity to cultural ethics should warrant a business to have integrity and pride in their products while adhering to often hard to adapt cultural ethical views. Culturally we are different and should be respected however; cultural differences should be celebrated and adapted too in order to really see a unified global marketing perspective. Another question to be answered by ethical marketing should be how does a business effectively differentiate and anticipate the ethical and the cultural sensitivities from country to country they wish to secure a market share in? Cultural Marketing Sensitivities As businesses enter and seek to sustain their market positions in the ever growing global market, the tactics of marketing used must be adapted to been seen as ethical to the cultures presented but not so adapted that the integrity of the business is lost. To achieve this balance Aristotle’s mean doctrine focuses on the â€Å"moral virtues† that are identified as the middle ground between selfish motive and an indifferent motive. The moral and ethical differences also need to be addressed as the act of engaging in marketing for a business is to satisfy, anticipate and identify customer product requirements profitably (Carrigan et. l. , 2005). A goal of marketing is to identify consumer requirements of a product as their largest vote globally is the dollars in which they use to purchase various products. Globally, standards vary and must be addressed through the interface of marketing ethics that joins the buyer preferences with overall company profitability aspirations on the demand of their products and services. The culture of a country plays a large role in the way the members of that society relate ethics in marketing and the socialization of what is viewed as acceptable behaviors (Pires et. al. , 2002 ). To better understand Pires et. al. (2002) continues to explain that ethics is a compromised set of four classical philosophical questions that relate to the phenomenon of global marketing ethics: (1) what is the first principle of things? (Metaphysics), (2) what is true? (Epistemology), (3) what is beautiful (Aesthetics), and (4) how to persuade or influence others? (Rhetoric) (Pires et. al. , 2002) All four of these questions lend themselves to the understanding of the urgency of fundamental understanding of how ethics, leadership, marketing and the global markets relate to each other. Ethics of Marketing Metaphysics: What is the first principle of things? Metaphysics as a constructed by Kant as metaphysics of morals is an ethical point of view of morality in reference to self-interest over community as applied to the ethical dilemma of globalized marketing. Kant (1788) metaphysics view on ethics and morality utilized a utilitarian theory and focused on the duties of the business not being associated with complete self-interest (Carrigan et. al. , 2005, p. 481). Metaphysical morality when applied to global marketing directs businesses to seek to satisfy objectives other than business interest. Kant’s study continues to reveal that businesses have a duty to satisfy and deliver benefits through ethical marketing strategies sensitive to the cultures they are trying to influence (Carrigan et. al. , 2005, p. 481). The pay-off and ultimate moral imperative for a business is securing the sale of the items marketed globally. The businesses’ utilization of Kant’s metaphysical morality can lead to ncreased market presence as the business appears ethical to the global consumer. The first principle of global marketing is to appear acceptable in behavior, ethical and culturally sensitive during the marketing process. While appearing ethical in marketing, businesses must also adhere to varying truth standards for each global market the business enters. Epistemology: What is true? Epistemology as a marketing ethics and leadership compo nent is demonstrated in the study of knowledge and justified beliefs (Carrigan et. al. , 2005). Marketing on a global scale must make normative moral decisions when presenting the business version of the truth within its adverting. Product safety and the correlated marketing global advertisements must be presented in a non-controversial way and with sensitivity towards the ethical boundaries of the global markets. Western ethics vary defiantly and operating globally will involve a quest through epistemological â€Å"objective† reality (Pires et. al. , 2002, p. 111). The introduction of an objective reality is in stark contrast to the Japanese culture fueled by tradition that is not as flexible to outside influence. The United States has the ability to find truth for many small and integrated cultural groups while justifying the objective reality as a normative moral marketing tactic acceptable within the United States culture. In contrast to Japan that is rooted is aesthetics and normative moral conduct based around what is considered respectable. The cultural views of beauty can often be taboo in cross-cultural marketing and businesses are charged with presenting a beautiful, ethical and aesthetically acceptable by each global market’s standards. Aesthetics: What is beautiful? Beauty ethics in marketing is as very important as it translates desirability of the product and sells the benefits of a product through visual artistry. An example of the aesthetic marketing manipulation power as explained by Carrigan et. al. (2005) is: in order to market and develop a market for tobacco products, tobacco companies were distributing promotional cigarettes to anyone in Taiwan despite of age or gender by beautiful young girls creating a luring effect on the culture (Carrigan et. l. , 2005). The use of aesthetically pleasing young girls can be seen as an unethical way to promote a health harming product, especially without requirements of age. Marketing within western culture is considered ethical and within cultural boundaries as the marketing use of young beautiful girls is common place and accepted as normal behavior. Nudity is common in Western culture as we celebrate beauty and stardom, which is not, accepted everywhere as close as J apan. A culture bathed in tradition, nudity is not acceptable behavior and in reference to marketing ethics would be considered unethical and in poor taste. Kant explained aesthetics as an appreciation in terms of delight or aversion of an object or person; delight being known as beautiful (Dobson, 2010). The aesthetic ethics is not utilitarian, however does create a corporate aesthetic style (Dobson, 2010). The consumer is the most foundational relationship the business desires to build as the marketing campaigns demonstrate an overall business and product aesthetic. Beauty creates a visual representation of the marketing campaign; however the rhetoric of the marketing tends to be what sticks with the desired audience. Rhetoric: How to persuade or influence others? Rhetoric ethics is a utilitarian ethical theory that reviews the power of influencing others. Culturally, international marketers are in control of a majority of the marketing mix allowing them the potential to shape political power, changing social structures, and influencing economic development (Dobson, 2010). The utility of participating in a globalized marketing campaign has to produce benefits that outweigh the cost to comply with cultural difference in ethics and leadership. Persuasion and agreement has to be forthcoming and evaluated on the basis of societal cost if safety concerns or recalls surface for the products being marketed. Given the power to persuade, companies should never try to justify any actions to the consumer that hurt or harm them, however the marketing company should strive to maintain a high set of ethical standards within the rhetoric of their marketing (Dobson, 2010). Ethical marketing and global leadership relies on firms accepting global responsibility for the claims made in advertising to spark consumer interest and ultimately their commitment to patron the business. Conclusion In a global marketing scenario the utilitarianism view would be comfortable in reviewing and weighing the cost of a possibly culturally insensitive and unethical marketing campaign if it secured sales and interest for a business. Marketing serves society’s needs without ethical strings or boundaries as explained by Carrigan et. al. (2005) referencing the explanation given by Fineman. Within multi-national companies that participate globally, there is Fineman, as quoted by Carrigan et. al. (2005) details how apart from the lapses with gun marketing, pornography, Breadshaw and Palfreman presented marketing as a neutral system or tools of management that serve the market with good (Carrigan et. al. , 2005, p. 83). Culturally, the globalization of the market has empowered leaders to seek an ethical foundation that is uniform when engaging in promoting their business. The ethical dilemma enters when cultures vary so significantly that the definitions of acceptable behavior are polar opposites. Dunfee et. al (1999) posed the research thesis of finding a normative moral foundation for marketing that provides a framework of resolve for the ethical issues that arise in global marketing. The commonality of Kantian, virtue, rights, justice utilitarianism and social contract theories of global marketing is the perspective of impartiality and marketing morality. Moving forward as the global economy continues to grow, the overall ethical fibers of the marketing profession will need to adapt with the ever changing cultures of the world. As the consumer’s taste change, so will the marketing ethics and leadership strategies in order to remain effective and acceptable culturally.